Intelligent agent (Bots)

An intelligent agent, or Bot, is a computer program that is used to run automated activities over the internet, that is, it does not require a human operator. Generally, bots perform activities that are simple and normally repetitive at speeds that would not be possible by humans.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Intelligent agent (Bots) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bots may also be used in tasks that require very high speeds that cannot be achieved by humans, (such as in online computer games or internet auctions), or in situations where the emulation of human activity is needed, for instance, a company can use bots to chat with its clients over the internet. Commercial Uses Bots are used for a variety of purposes over the internet. A type of bot, known as chatterbot, is used in automated online assistants by businesses to interact with its customers through chat. This can help such businesses to operate on a full time basis without requiring physical human presence. This can be beneficial in reducing the organization’s operation and training costs. Consumers can also use bots to search for products and compare prices over the internet, and these are known as shopping bots. Apart from searching for specific goods over the internet, bots have also been used extensively in personal finance through personal finance bots (PFBs). PFBs act as â€Å"virtual financial intermediaries† that perform financial transactions and fetches information on financial products according to the information input by the user. Bots can be used to purchase tickets for various functions, concerts, and events. They are mostly used by ticket-brokerage companies that resell tickets. The bots are used to purchase unfairly, the best seats in an event while denying the public of a chance to have those seats. The businesses then resell the seats at a higher price. Bots are also used extensively in on line games to hunt for resources that would otherwise take a considerable amount of time to acquire. This is an unfair tact and amounts to cheating as it goes outside the game program and give unfair advantage to the users. Consequently, users found to be using bots in such games are normally banned by the respective companies. Malicious Purposes Although bots can be used for beneficial purposes, some people can use it a malicious tool to gain access to a person’s computer. Once they gain access, an attacker is able to gain the users internet activities, steal credit card information, social security information, and other useful information, or even carry out DoS attacks against websites, servers, and send multiple email messages (spam).Advertising Looking for assessment on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An attacker may also use malicious bots to send numerous advertising links to internet users. To carry out thes e malicious activities, a bot harvests email addresses from various sites that collect user information. To prevent malicious bots from gaining access to websites, sending spam, or performing other malicious tasks, several tools are used. One anti-bot tool known as CAPTCHA is normally used. This tool distinguishes between a human user and a bot by requesting the user to input an encoded human-readable text before proceeding with the task. Conclusion Bots, if used in the right manner, can be very effective in helping a company to carry out business activities even in the absence of a human operator, and this can benefit the company by increasing sales and reducing expenditure. Shoppers can also benefit immensely from bots. This assessment on Intelligent agent (Bots) was written and submitted by user Gavin Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Study the Night Before a Test

How to Study the Night Before a Test Theres no need to feel completely frightened if youve procrastinated until the night before a test to study. Although you wont be able to commit much to long-term memory in a one-night cram session, you can learn enough to pass the test using these techniques. How to Study the Night Before a Test Eat a nutritious meal and prepare a few healthy snacks so you wont need to get up laterSet up in a comfortable spot with your study materials (pencils, note cards, highlighters) and class materials (notes, quizzes, tests, handouts, study guides)Focus for 30 to 45 minutes, then break for 5Take notes and use mnemonic devices to improve recallAim for comprehension over memorizationExplain concepts and ideas to a third partyGet a good nights sleep Physical Needs The brain and the body are linked, so before you sit down to start a study session, its a good idea to take care of your body: go to the bathroom, get some water or tea, and be sure youre dressed in a way that wont distract you (nothing scratchy or stiff). Focus and calm are crucial to studying seriously; to get your body on the same page, try doing some deep breathing and yoga stretches to help you get your mind off any other concerns. Essentially, this prep is meant to get your body to help you, not distract you, so you have no excuses to break your study focus. Snacking during or before studying can be helpful, but choose wisely. The ideal meal is something without a lot of sugar or heavy carbs that can lead to an energy crash. Instead, grab some high-protein grilled chicken or scramble some eggs for dinner, drink green tea with acai, and follow it all with a few bites of dark chocolate. Its always easier to stay on task and process information when your brain has been given what it needs to function properly. The other upside is that by eating something before you begin studying, youll be less tempted to get hungry (and distracted) and quit studying early. To further head off any distracting snack attacks, be prepared ahead of time. When you go to your study area, bring a snack with you. This should be something high in nutrients and mess-free, like mixed nuts, dried fruit, or a protein bar. Avoid highly processed foods like chips, and beware of sneaky foods like granola bars that are full of hidden sugar that will leave you stranded in an hour or so. One Step at a Time Start by getting organized. Get all the materials that relate to the test youre taking- notes, handouts, quizzes, book, projects- and lay them out neatly in a way that makes sense to you. You might organize them by topic, in chronological order, or in some other way that works. Perhaps you like to use color-coded highlighters or stacks of notecards. The point is that theres no one way to organize: You have to find the best system that helps you make connections with the material. By the night before a test, you should already have a good baseline of knowledge on the test topics. That means your goal here is to review and refresh. If your teacher gave you a study guide, start with that, quizzing yourself as you go along. Refer to your other materials if you cant remember an item on the guide, and then write it down. Use mnemonic devices to help you remember bits of information that you wouldnt otherwise, but try to avoid just memorizing everything: its harder to recall straight facts than it is to have a network of connected ideas that you can rely on. If you dont have a study guide or if youve finished going over it, prioritize notes and handouts. Things like dates, names, and vocabulary words are likely to show up on tests, so study those first. After that, review the bigger-picture stuff: material that covers cause-and-effect relationships within the topic area and other ideas that could show up on an essay question. For these, memorization is less important than having a solid enough understanding to explain it back on a written answer. It can seem overwhelming, especially if you have a lot of material to review, so take it slowly. A good rule of thumb is to focus for 30- to 45-minute increments followed by 5-minute breaks. If you try to cram in all the information the night before the test, your brain will overload and youll have to work to regain your focus on studying. This is why its also useful to review for a few days before the test, not just the night before so you can spread out the material and review everything multiple times over of a few separate sessions. Buddy System If you really want to test your understanding of the material, try explaining it to someone who isnt in the class. Get a family member or friend and teach them as much as you can remember. This will let you see how well you understand the concepts and how well you can make connections (to prepare for short-answer or essay questions). If you have a partner or a family member to help you, have them quiz you on the material. As you go, make a list of anything you get stuck on or cant remember. Once youve been quizzed, take your list and study that material repeatedly until youve got it. Finally, write down all your mnemonic devices, important dates, and quick facts on one sheet of paper, so you can refer to it the morning before the big test. Final Preparations Nothing will make you do worse on a test than pulling an all-nighter. You may be tempted to stay up all night and cram in as much as is possible, but by all means, get some sleep the night before. When testing time comes, you wont be able to recall all the information you learned because your brain will be functioning in survival mode. On the morning of the test, make sure to eat a healthy breakfast for plenty of energy. Throughout the morning, run through your review sheet: while youre eating, at your locker, or on the way to class. When it comes time to put the review sheet away and sit down for the test, you can rest easy knowing that youve done everything possible to help your brain get through the test with flying colors.

Sole proprietorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sole proprietorship - Essay Example John and Christine are looking forward to carry on their practice as tax agents.They have the sufficient capital required to carry on the business as tax agents.The business structures available to carry on business as tax agents are sole proprietorship, partnership, company and trust. However, before selecting any structure for this business, the relative advantages and disadvantages of each are needed to be considered. FINDINGS: SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP: An entity where the person opening the business constitutes without any contract with others or incorporation of the entity. The person is solely responsible for all the debts and liabilities of the business. Advantages: It is the cheapest and easiest business structure. Sole proprietorship is under complete control of the person organizing it. Sole proprietor may retain and reinvest all the incomes of the business on its own motion. The payment of tax is easy and may flow directly to the tax return of the sole proprietor. The business may be dissolved easily. Disadvantages: The liability of sole proprietors is unlimited. So, the businesses as well as the personal assets of the sole proprietor are at risk. There are very limited sources available for the raising of funds as opposed to companies where fund raising is very high. PARTNERSHIP: An association/relationship of two or more persons to carry on a business for the purpose of earning profits is known as partnership. (Revised UPA, Section 101) Advantages: Partnerships are easier to establish as compared to companies. The two or more partners may increase funds more easily as compared to sole proprietorship. They may also have increased borrowing capacity. The pool of skills, knowledge and expertise is made wider due to the combination of more than one person. Partnerships also allow brainstorming which is more creative than the brainstorming carried out by sole proprietor. Disadvantages: Partners are liable for the actions of other partners as they act as agen ts for one another. The decisions between all partners are shared and this may cause disagreements which is the most drastic situation for a partnership. The liability of all the partners is unlimited.. However, this limitation may be overcome by constituting limited partnership. In limited partnership, the investments of the partners are liable for the debts of the firm and the partners’ personal assets are not liable. COMPANY: A company is a separate legal entity from its owners. So, the shareholders and members of the company are liable for the debts of the company only to the extent of their share/ interest in the company. The company which offers its shares to the general public for subscription is known as public company. The company which does not offer its shares to general public is known as private company. Advantages: The liability of the shareholders and/or members of the company are restricted to the value of shares purchased by him. The company is a separate leg al entity i.e. separate from its members. Therefore, any suit against the company does not involve the members personally as opposed to partnerships where the partners are personally got involved in the suits. In private limited companies, the shareholders and directors of the company are usually same person keeping the ownership and management of the company in same hands. Disadvantages: The formation of company is costly as compared to partnerships and may require large amount of capital initially. Whereas, partnership and sole proprietorship does not require any such large amounts. The accounts of companies are complex in nature. Moreover, the statutory regulations and the company law of the country require the companies to follow the regulations regarding bookkeeping and certain types of accounts. The raising of funds and capital by the companies is also restricted to the authorized capital of the company. Moreover, in case of a private company, the increasing of capital is also usually restricted by the provisions of the company law of

The Movie Playing by Heart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Movie Playing by Heart - Essay Example Attachment and commitment was a different story, however, because each individual had a different background. Hannah and Paul, married for 40 years survived Paul’s brief infidelity even if he and Hannah only had closure about that affair recently. Theirs is a case of true love that conquered all and is the kind of marriage that is permanent and not fleeting. Gracie and Hugh’s marriage was on the rocks because boredom set in and Gracie did not think Hugh had enough imagination to make their marriage more exciting, that is why Hugh kept trying to invent stories and sell these to women in bars to prove to himself that he is still an interesting man. Gracie, however, goes off to have a physical affair with a man he thought was exciting. Their marriage was not built on a strong foundation because the commitment to each other was flimsy and consistently needed concrete proof that they were worthy of each other. Meredith and Trent’s relationship is new, thanks to Trentà ¢â‚¬â„¢s devotion and persistence in breaking down the high wall that Meredith had built around herself. Being able to get through to her was a major breakthrough that both he and Meredith had a great chance of a successful relationship. The same is true of Joan and Keenan who met casually at a bar. Although their lives seem to be shallow, once they opened up to each other and decided to become vulnerable, they discovered what love was. The movie seemed to point out that once walls are broken down and the person inside agrees to be exposed until another person gets to love him or her for what he or she is, then the love that will grow from it is true. The couples Meredith and Trent and Joan and Keenan have chances to have happy marriages and probably children to complete their families. This is because they have made a decision, to be honest with each other and to live without pretenses.

Do Animals Feel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Do Animals Feel - Research Paper Example The scientific research in evolutionary biology, cognitive ethology and neuroscience states that diverse animals have rich and deep emotional lives. Emotions served as the instrument to bond and attach animals with one another. Emotions, empathy and distinguishing right from wrong are the essential keys for survival on this complex environment and social interactions about lifestyle of different species (Goodal & Bekoff, 18). Humans experienced different forms of pain as well as animals. Pain is a subjective sensation that every individual verbalized and feel. According to Sneddon in 2011 people and animals almost have the same mechanisms of pain detection and have similar areas of brain involved in how the pain is processed. In addition, humans and animals are similar in terms of pain behaviors, but obviously, assessing pain in animals is more difficult to distinguish compared from human pain. Similarly, Sneddon identified the two components of pain: the physical hurt or discomfort which is caused by inflicting injury, illness or disease and the emotional hurt or suffering. Sneddon concluded that animals, just like humans, are capable of feeling physical and emotional pain (n.p.). Humans can feel emotional pain without physical injuries or disease such as after a loss of loved one, break-up of a relationship, loss of important things in their life, etc. Contrary to Sneddon’s conclusion, some scientists stated that animals are not capable of feeling emotional pain because of the reason that animals do not have neocortex or the thinking area which are found only in mammals and primates. Research of Sneddon showed that there is evidence that monkeys, dogs, cats, and birds demonstrate signs of emotional pain and behaviors associated with depression during painful experience, lethargy, anorexia, and unresponsiveness to other animals (Sneddon, n.p.). According to Bekoff in 2007, there was a doctoral research of student that required killing cats. As the autho r started the studies, the cat looks like sad and wanted to say something. After the experienced, the author decided to study different animal behavior that focus on social communication in large range of species. In adjunct with what the other scientists stated, Mark Bekoff discovered that animals feel joy, empathy, grief, embarrassment, anger, and even love (Bekoff, n.p.). In December 2005, a female humpback whale caught in crab lines, the weight of the whale which is 50 tons and 50 ft. in size which makes it difficult for the female humpback to blow above the water. A team of divers saved the female humpback whale and James Moskito, one of the rescuers described the feeling that the female humpback like to thank the rescuers for doing such good act. The whale stopped and pushed around a little bit and had some fun, the female humpback showed feelings of gratitude to the rescuers Bekoff, n.p.) Empathy is a feeling that is believed also to be felt by animals. An example of which is the livelier mouse. Every time the livelier mouse went over to get a drink and a piece of food and found out that the weaker mouse tried to bite the food, the livelier mouse moved the food gradually towards the water until the weaker mouse reached the food (Bekoff, n.p.). Animals can also show feelings of anger the same way as humans can do: they share common

Comparison of US and Iraq Constitutions

Comparison of US and Iraq Constitutions A constitution can be defined as a laid down rules for the government which are time and again codified as a form of written manuscript that spells out and confines the functions and ability to exercise force of a political party (power). In the case of countries and sovereign regions of federal states the phrase refers exclusively to a constitution defining the core principles of politics, and instituting the configuration, procedures, (sociology)>powers and duties, of a government. Most constitutions guarantee rights to the people by limiting the governments own reach. We will be comparing and contrasting the American constitution against the Iraqi constitution. Both constitutions are codified. Under the patronage of a British military occupation in 1925, Iraqis first constitution entered into force which then formed a monarchy which remained in effect until in 1958, the revolution established a republic. Interim constitutions have been adopted over the years but a referendum t hat took place in 2005 approved the constitution currently being used by Iraqis. On the other hand the American constitution is considered foundation and basis of the legal right to exercise power over another (authority) essential to the existence of the United States of America and the federal government of the United States. It grants the framework for the institute of the United States government and for the rapport of the federal government to the states, to citizens, and to all people within the United States. Both constitutions empathize on democracy. The constitutions seek to protect the dignity and liberty of man. The constitutions forbid any kind of emotional, psychological, or physical torture. Both constitutions are mindful of the welfare and security of its people despite the freedom of communication the constitutions provide that the freedom can be breached by a judicial decision whenever it is a matter of national security. These affect the individual rights of the citizen. There is also freedom of worship in the constitutions although the Iraq constitution further states that Islam is the official language. According to the Iraqi constitution section three chapter articles 49 the council of representatives shall be elected and shall consist of a number of members at a ratio of one member per 100,000 Iraqi persons. These representatives shall be elected by a direct secret general ballot. The members are elected for a term of 4 years. The president is elected by the council of representatives by a two-thirds majority and is limited to 2 terms in office with a span of 4years in 1 term. The president of Iraq has two deputies with whom they form a presidency council. The presidency council appoints the prime minister of Iraq and cabinet ministers who must be approved by assembly. There should be two thirds majority for a president to be elected. The American constitution states that the president has all the executive power vested on him the president is the chief diplomat and the commander in chief of the armed forces. For a maximum of two four-year terms the president and vice-president ar e elected as running mates by the Electoral College for which each single state is allocated a number of seats based on its representation on the senate and House of Representatives whose members of both the houses are elected by the Americans. ÂÂ  The vice-president is second highest executive officer of the government. The vice-president is only allowed to vote in the senate to break a vote which is tied. The chief executive officer of the United States is the Secretary of State. The Secretary of state is appointed by the president and is the third highest ranking member of the government and they answer directly to the president. In the USA constitution the Supreme Court is the highest court of the land. The court is responsible for matters dealing with state disputes, and interpreting the constitution of the USA and overrules some legislations therefore creating precedents for future reference. The supreme and lower court justices are elected by the people while the rest ar e appointed since they are in the federal government. The Iraqi constitution provides that local court judges are appointed by the local authority, while the federal government appoints the supreme judges. Islam is also considered a source of legislation and the laws of administration circumscribe Shariah laws U.S. citizens have almost universal suffrage from the age of 18. The state governments have the utmost impact over most Americans’ day to day lives. The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution warranties their broad-spectrum plenary powers, against the limited spell out powers possessed by the federal government; as a result, they handle the bulk of the issues most pertinent for most individuals within their jurisdiction. The governor is the highest elected official at each state is the governor. There is also an elected state legislature in each state except Nebraska (bicameralism), whose members represent the state voters. The town, city, or county boards are the institutions responsible for local governments. The legislature in each state should stipulate the time manner and places of holding elections for senators and representatives. Iraq has a unicameral legislature The president of the United Sates receives compensation, which may not be increased or decreased during their time in office; for being the president. Qualification for presidency in the United States include; a natural born citizen U. S. A, at least 35 years of age and have resided in the states for 14 years. The representatives must be of an age of 25 or above, and citizens of the land for a minimum of 7 years and an inhabitant of the state they are elected. The senators must be 30years and have been citizens of that states for 9 years and must be inhabitants of the state at the time. The amendments as provided by the constitution of the United States may be approved in the following ways: by special convention from congress, ratified by two-thirds of both houses and sent for approval to the states, or by Two-thirds of the state legislatures applying to Congress for a constitutional caucus to consider amendments, which are then sent for approval to the states. Any amendments to the Iraqi constitution would have to be approved by a similar referendum to the one that had approved it originally. Vacancies are to be filled by writs of election issued by the executive authority whenever vacancies happen from the representation of any state (Section 2, Clause 4,). Madison provides it is of great importance not only to guard one part of the society against injustice but also to guard the other side of society against oppression from its rulers (1788). Thanksgiving has become a huge traditional American holiday, then there`s independence day which celebrates the declaration of independence which are all national holidays and enacted in the constitution. Both the Iraq and the United States constitutions seek to serve their people who have different demographics. Each of the constitutions has the interests of the people at heart focusing on the different lifestyles and cultures of two different people. After analyzing both the constitutions and the research material which I have been through which some of the information is not included I find that both constitutions are very effective.

Wireless Computing Essay examples -- Education, Teachers

In an attempt to improve the integration of wireless computing, educators and policymakers are reevaluating ways to incorporate technology tools into the grade level performance standards without separating the two educational standards (Collins & Halverson, 2009; Weston & Bain, 2010). Presently, students and teachers at the rural school district under review have the ability to transmit information through wireless technological resources. Francis and Mishra (2008) explained that teaching-learning with wireless computing effectively will demand that classroom teachers are knowledgeable of the security of information. The researchers insisted that teachers need to know about the stored or transmitted information through wireless technology. In addition, teachers will also need to learn the practicality and effectiveness of using such technology for educational purposes. Although both the schools and students possess different wireless technology tools within this southeast rural K–12 district in questioned, the devices are not used to augment new pedagogical strategies due to teachers' technology attitudes, lack adequate training or beliefs (Hayes, 2009). Teachers will continue to be uncomfortable with wireless technology unless their attitudes about technology changes (Hennessy, Harrison & Wamakote, 2010). Teachers' who lack confidence in instructing with wireless technology tools may hesitate to use them (Francis & Mishra, 2008; Teo, 2009). Teachers’ attitudes, awareness, lack of autonomy, lack of skills to assess what wireless technology offers, and technophobia appear to be the primary barriers that hinders teachers from integrating technology into their instructional practices (Hennessy et al., 2010; Ursava... ...udes towards technology and the uses of such technology. In addition, this study will apply quantitative measures to generate numeric quantifiable concrete analyses of the findings (Deeptee and Roshan, 2008; Leedy and Ormrod, 2010). This study attempts to distinguish a concrete analysis between the measurements found and the natural abilities of teachers using available technology during instruction. From those measurements and descriptions, the researcher will design an online support network (OSN) as an instructional resource (Snider, 2009; Hennessy, Harrison & Wamakote, 2010). A professional learning network will assist K–12 teachers with integrating available technology effectively in the classroom. Access to professional learning resources will encourage teachers’ confidence through the use of available technology and help with any possible technophobia.

Responsible Dog Ownership Editorial Essay

Ð mÐ µriÃ' Ã °ns hÐ °vÐ µ Ð µmbrÐ °Ã' Ã µd thÐ µ jÐ ¾Ã'Æ's Ð ¾f Ã' Ã °ninÐ µ Ð ¾wnÐ µrshiÃ'€ fÐ ¾r Ã' Ã µnturiÐ µs, frÐ ¾m GÐ µÃ ¾rgÐ µ WÐ °shingtÐ ¾n Ð °nd his Ð mÐ µriÃ' Ã °n FÐ ¾Ã'…hÐ ¾unds tÐ ¾ GÐ µÃ ¾rgÐ µ W. Bush Ð °nd his Ð…Ã' Ã ¾ttish Ð ¢Ã µrriÐ µrs. Ð ¢Ã ¾dÐ °Ã'Æ', thÐ µrÐ µ Ð °rÐ µ Ð °Ã'€Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã'…imÐ °tÐ µlÃ'Æ' 73 milliÐ ¾n dÐ ¾gs in thÐ µ U.Ð…. Ð °nd thÐ µir rÐ ¾lÐ µs in sÐ ¾Ã' iÐ µtÃ'Æ' hÐ °vÐ µ shiftÐ µd frÐ ¾m huntÐ µr Ð °nd wÐ ¾rking LÐ °brÐ °dÐ ¾r RÐ µtriÐ µvÐ µr tÐ ¾ fÐ °milÃ'Æ' Ã' Ã ¾mÃ'€Ð °niÐ ¾n.WhÐ µn wÐ µ hÐ µÃ °r Ð ¾f unfÐ ¾rtunÐ °tÐ µ inÃ' idÐ µnts invÐ ¾lving dÐ ¾gs, suÃ' h Ð °s Ð ° bitÐ µ, it’s Ð ¾ftÐ µn Ð ° rÐ µsult Ð ¾f Ã' Ã °rÐ µlÐ µssnÐ µss Ð ¾n thÐ µ mutt Ð ¾wnÐ µr part tÐ ¾ tÐ °kÐ µ rÐ µsÃ'€Ð ¾nsibilitÃ'Æ' fÐ ¾r thÐ µ Ð °nimÐ °l thÐ µÃ'Æ' Ã' hÐ ¾sÐ µ tÐ ¾ Ð ¾wn. Ð ¢hÐ µrÐ µ Ð °rÐ µ twÐ ¾ Ð µnds Ð ¾f Ð µvÐ µrÃ'Æ' lÐ µÃ °sh Ð °nd rÐ µsÃ'€Ð ¾nsiblÐ µ Ã' Ã °ninÐ µ Ð ¾wnÐ µrshiÃ'€ bÐ µgins with thÐ µ mÐ °n nÐ ¾t thÐ µ bÐ µst friÐ µnd.ЕÐ °Ã' h Ã'Æ'Ð µÃ °r thÐ µ Ð mÐ µriÃ' Ã °n KÐ µnnÐ µl Ð ¡lub hÐ ¾sts RÐ µsÃ'€Ð ¾nsiblÐ µ DÐ ¾g ОwnÐ µrshiÃ'€ DÐ °Ã'Æ' Ð ¾n Ð…Ð µÃ'€tÐ µmbÐ µr 17 tÐ ¾ Ð µduÃ' Ã °tÐ µ thÐ µ dÐ ¾g-lÐ ¾ving Ã'€ubliÃ'  Ð °bÐ ¾ut thÐ µ imÃ'€Ð ¾rtÐ °nÃ' Ã µ Ð ¾f bÐ µing Ð ° rÐ µsÃ'€Ð ¾nsiblÐ µ LÐ °brÐ °dÐ ¾r RÐ µtriÐ µvÐ µr Ð ¾wnÐ µr. Just sÐ ¾mÐ µ Ð ¾f thÐ µ tÐ ¾Ã'€iÃ' s thÐ µsÐ µ Ð µvÐ µnts Ð °ddrÐ µss Ð °rÐ µ sÐ °fÐ µtÃ'Æ' Ð °rÐ ¾und dÐ ¾gs, thÐ µ right brÐ µÃ µd fÐ ¾r Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur lifÐ µstÃ'Æ'lÐ µ, trÐ °ining Ð °nd Ã' Ã ¾mÃ'€Ð µtitivÐ µ Ð µvÐ µnts fÐ ¾r Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur dÐ ¾g, tÐ °gging/miÃ' rÐ ¾Ã' hiÃ'€Ã'€ing ID Ð ¾Ã'€tiÐ ¾ns, LÐ °brÐ °dÐ ¾r RÐ µtriÐ µvÐ µr hÐ µÃ °lth Ð °nd muà ' h mÐ ¾rÐ µ.Ð ¢hÐ µ Ð KÐ ¡, thÐ µ nÐ °tiÐ ¾n’s biggÐ µst rÐ µgistrÃ'Æ' Ð °nd lÐ µÃ °ding nÐ ¾t-fÐ ¾r-Ã'€rÐ ¾fit Ð ¾rgÐ °nizÐ °tiÐ ¾n dÐ µdiÃ' Ã °tÐ µd tÐ ¾ thÐ µ wÐ µlfÐ °rÐ µ Ð ¾f Ã'€urÐ µbrÐ µd dÐ ¾gs, rÐ µÃ' Ã ¾gnizÐ µs thÐ °t dog Ã' Ã ¾mÃ'€Ð °niÐ ¾nshiÃ'€ is nÐ ¾t Ð ¾nlÃ'Æ' Ð ° right but Ð °lsÐ ¾ Ð ° Ã'€rivilÐ µgÐ µ thÐ °t must bÐ µ rÐ µsÃ'€Ð µÃ' tÐ µd Ð °nd nurturÐ µd. In rÐ µturn fÐ ¾r this Ã'€rivilÐ µgÐ µ, Ã' Ã °ninÐ µ Ð ¾wnÐ µrs nÐ µÃ µd tÐ ¾ rÐ µsÃ'€Ð µÃ' t rÐ µÃ °sÐ ¾nÐ °blÐ µ, Ð µnfÐ ¾rÃ' Ã µÃ °blÐ µ, nÐ ¾n-disÃ' riminÐ °tÐ ¾rÃ'Æ' lÐ µgislÐ °tiÐ ¾n gÐ ¾vÐ µrning thÐ µ Ð ¾wnÐ µrshiÃ'€ Ð ¾f dÐ ¾gs, suÃ' h Ð °s lÐ ¾Ã' Ã °l lÐ µÃ °sh lÐ °ws, Ã' urbing Ã'€Ð ¾liÃ' iÐ µs Ð °nd liÃ' Ã µnsing rÐ µgulÐ °tiÐ ¾ns. Ð ¢hÐ µ sÐ °Ã'Æ'ing Ð ¾nÐ µ bÐ °d grÐ µÃ µn Ð °Ã'€Ã'€lÐ µ Ã' Ã °n sÃ'€Ð ¾il thÐ µ whÐ ¾lÐ µ bunÃ' h rings Ð µsÃ'€Ð µÃ' iÐ °llÃ'Æ' truÐ µ in tÐ µrms Ð ¾f mutt Ð ¾wnÐ µrshiÃ'€. Ð ll dÐ ¾g Ð ¾wnÐ µrs Ð µÃ °silÃ'Æ' bÐ µ misjudgÐ µd bÃ'Æ' thÐ µ dÐ µÃ µds Ð ¾f Ð ¾nÐ µ thÐ ¾ughtlÐ µss individuÐ °l. WÐ µ hÐ ¾Ã'€Ð µ Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u’ll tÐ °kÐ µ timÐ µ this mÐ ¾nth tÐ ¾ bÐ ¾nÐ µ up Ð ¾n rÐ µsÃ'€Ð ¾nsiblÐ µ dog Ð ¾wnÐ µrshiÃ'€ whÐ µthÐ µr Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u Ð °rÐ µ lÐ ¾Ã ¾king tÐ ¾ Ð °dd Ð ° Ã'€uÃ'€Ã'€Ã'Æ' tÐ ¾ thÐ µ fÐ °milÃ'Æ' fÐ ¾r thÐ µ first timÐ µ Ð ¾r Ð °rÐ µ Ð ° lifÐ µlÐ ¾ng dog lÐ ¾vÐ µr. LÐ µÃ °rn whÐ °t it tÐ °kÐ µs tÐ ¾ bÐ µ Ð ° rÐ µsÃ'€Ð ¾nsiblÐ µ dog Ð ¾wnÐ µr. YÐ ¾ur bÐ µst friÐ µnd is Ã' Ã ¾unting Ð ¾n Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u.

Ethical Issues When Working With Children Social Work Essay Essay Example

Ethical Issues When Working With Children Social Work Essay Essay Example Ethical Issues When Working With Children Social Work Essay Essay Ethical Issues When Working With Children Social Work Essay Essay Essay Topic: Social Issues Social Issues To what extent can research workers be after for ethical issues when working with kids and immature people? Peoples frequently think of moralss or ethical motives, as a regulation for separating between what is right and incorrect. Something that springs to mind, is the stating ; Do unto others as you would hold them make unto you or the spiritual credo of the Ten Commandments, Thou Shalt non kill . This is a common manner of specifying moralss and the norms for behavior that distinguish between unacceptable and acceptable behavior. Most people learn ethical norms within the place, at school or in other educational scenes. Majority of people get their sense of right and incorrect during their childhood as moral development occurs throughout life. Simply because as human existences, we pass through different phases of growing as we mature. Ethical norms can be classed as omnipresent, merely because one might be tempted to see them as simple commonsense . A plausible account of these dissensions is that as worlds, we can recognize some common ethical norms, but bulk of persons may use and construe these norms in different ways in regard of their ain life experiences and ain values. Our society has legal regulations that govern behavior, but ethical norms can be broader and more informal than Torahs. However, most societies use Torahs to implement moral criterions and ethical and legal regulations use similar constructs, it is nevertheless important to indicate out that jurisprudence and moralss are non the same. For illustration, an action could be classed as legal, but illegal or unethical, but ethical. Society besides uses ethical constructs and rules to construe Torahs, evaluate and criticise. Within the last century, citizens were urged to disobey Torahs in order to protest what they classed as unfair Torahs that were immoral. Within research with kids and immature people there are several grounds why it is of import to adhere to ethical norms. First, it promotes the purposes of research and illustrations include, truth, turning away and cognition such as beliing research informations promote the truth, prohibitions against fabricating, distorting and avoid mistake. Second, is that research frequently involves a great trade of cooperation and coordination amongst different people in different establishments and subjects. Ethical criterions promote the values that are indispensable to collaborative work, which include equity, trust, answerability and common regard. For illustration, many ethical norms in research, such as guidelines for writing, informations protection policies, and confidentiality regulations are designed to protect rational belongings involvements, but still encouraging coaction amongst the establishments. Therefore, research workers want to have recognition for their work and parts to be disclosed prematurely and do non desire to hold their thoughts stolen. Third and the chief criterion is that many of the ethical norms help to guarantee that research workers can be held accountable to the populace. Many of the norms with research are that it promotes a assortment of other of import moral and societal values, for illustration societal duty, human rights, conformity with the jurisprudence, and wellness and safety. Critically, ethical oversights in research can significantly harm worlds, pupils and the populace. A research worker who may manufacture informations in a clinical test could harm patients and a research worker who fails to stay by ordinances and guidelines, as set out in the ethical criterions, could endanger his wellness and safety or the wellness and safety of staff and pupils in relation to radiation or biological safety. Consequently, moralss are frequently a affair of seeking to happen a balance between opposite extremes. Ethical research with kids has changed significantly in the past 30 old ages and modern criterions of research moral principle may well depend on modern crystalline research methods and a respectful relationship between kids and research workers. During the 1947s attorneies stressed the dangers of research and insisted that willing consent should be obtained, although it was presumed that kids were excessively immature to give consent and accordingly banned from take parting from research. Traditionally, kids were non allowed to accept for themselves for medical Children traditionally were non allowed to accept for themselves in footings of medical processs and even for the simplest processs. Today, there are three sanctioned theoretical accounts of consent for kids. First, kids who are classed as competent, which are sometimes called minors may supply consent on their ain. Second, kids may supply an acquiescence with parental consent and 3rd, some kids, due to their developmental phase or age can non supply consent until parental consent is sought. Critically, this can raise serious on-going challenges and some of the troubles can originate from measuring competency, best involvements every bit good as, motives. Equally good as covering with struggle between kids, parents and or with kids and young person, many of which may be populating on the street or in a crisis state of affairs, to call merely a few illustrations. Childs are traditionally considered more vulnerable than grownups and this is because of their deficiency of competency to take portion in doing determinations. This could be particularly around complex issues, such as wellness attention and inclusion, in research. This exposure means that parents/ defenders, pedagogues and wellness attention professionals must be trusted to move in their best involvements and do determinations for them. Furthermore, this exposure has frequently meant that some kids are merely excluded from research which is frequently in short-sighted efforts to protect them from injury. Consequently, this has resulted in excepting kids from research and in research, failed to larn about kids and to develop better and new ways to handle, attack and protect them. Alderson ( 2004 ) states that Ethicists teach the regulations for ethical research are based on three chief ways of believing about what is good research: the rules of making good research because it is right and right thing to make. Right based research involves regard and kids s rights, such as supplying for basic demands for illustration, health care and instruction. Protection from kid maltreatment and favoritism and engagement is critical during ethical research in holding their ain positions listened to and respected by grownups. This is based on good research, instead so trusting entirely on grownup rules and values. The best results based moralss fundamentally means, working out how to avoid or cut down injury and costs . Research workers may bring forth really deceptive consequences that are produced in policies that could damage kids s lives. Research workers may upset kids by worrying them by doing false promises or bewray them. Critically, moral inquiries about power, honestness and esteeming people can originate throughout the research procedure. Although a job, frequently rarely mentioned by ethicians, is a hazard on published research studies that addition stigma and disadvantage kids and immature grownups. However, these studies can assist research workers turn to such hazards and jobs and larn how to cover with them. An existent research that was nt decently planned and a peculiar ethical issue uncovered was when, as stated by Dennis, 2009 A Nipponese alumnus pupil, was interpreting at a parent/teacher conference and the instructor asked her to go through along remarks to the parents that Hanako s idea were ill-mannered. She did non desire to make it. She intervened covertly because she did non go through along the remarks as they had been expressed by the instructor, but she pretended to make so. She tried to do the point the instructor was doing, but in a much more polite, positive, and from Hanako s position, acceptable manner . Critically, this issue would hold failed to show the instructor s annoyance and present an ethical hazard, as this interpersonal intercession was non inclusive. It could present a possible injury, as it failed to advance moral and societal values and follow ethical criterions that promote the values that are important to collaborative work, such as common regard and t rust, particularly when working with kids and immature people. Another existent research that the research worker planned good for ethical issues was that off, Naz Rassool. Rassool ( 2004 ) was interested in working with a group of 14 and 15 twelvemonth olds that raised several ethical and practical issues. Rassool felt that the students should non be exploited emotionally due to the nature of the work as the students were in a critical stage of their development. The research had to be really sensitive through its probes of individuality formation. Therefore, the ethical issues were paramount and persisted throughout the research. Rassool found the most effectual manner to turn to the theoretical research inquiry to the students, integrating the constructs of faith, knowledgeableness, societal alteration and single reflexiveness, all provided Rassool the theoretical model. To bring forth a common apprehension of the intent of the research, Rossool conducted a seminar with staff involved, which addressed the purposes of the research, ethical iss ues and the intent of the activities. Other ethical issues, revolved in having parental consent and whether this as perfectly necessary, if the activities formed a portion of the instruction programme. However, since the ultimate purpose is to reply research inquiries it is important that all ethical issues are applied throughout. Critically, nevertheless when working with kids and immature people, it is normal protocol to seek parental consent, particularly when carry oning research. Rossool s research promoted the purposes of research ; followed ethical criterions and advance the values, which are indispensable for collaborative work, such as common regard, trust and equity. It promoted moral and societal values. Research to a great extent relies on the populace to take portion in the research and if this cooperation is to go on, so research workers have to maintain high ethical criterions. Alderson ( 2004 ) states public anxiousness about the remotion of kids s variety meats without consent, partially for research shows how research moralss, consent and rights may alter, particularly when kids are involved . Similar alterations may happen in societal research and hence, it is important to derive foresight about societal research from the hindsight of medical research. Critically many medical diaries refuse to print these studies that may non hold the backup of ethical commission blessing and hence, research workers need to maintain abreast of the ethical criterions. Deriving moralss commission blessing can take clip and can protect people who take portion in the research and protect them from judicial proceeding and unfavorable judgment. The extent research workers can be after for ethical issue is by affecting kids and immature people and should merely be conducted when the research inquiry posed is important to the well-being and wellness of kids. Ethical motives help research workers to be more cognizant of hidden jobs, but do non ever provide the right and easy replies. However, a research process which is non intended straight to profit the kid topic is non needfully either unethical or illegal. Such research includes detecting and mensurating normal development and the usage of healthy voluntaries in controlled experiments. The engagement of kids is indispensable and this is because the information available from research on other persons can non reply the inquiry posed in relation to the kids. Therefore, the survey method is appropriate for kids and the fortunes in which the research is conducted, provides for the emotional, physical, emotional and safety of the kid. The challenges associating to ethical and consent issues affecting kids and immature people in research are legion and necessitate careful consideration and yet are non unsurmountable. Critically, as a precedence, research workers must prosecute with the legal, moral and ethical jussive moods offered by UNICEF. As Alderson quoted, that Rights based research involves regard and kids s rights and as portion of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in peculiar. The research worker needs to give diligence to Article 12, and the article due and persevering consideration in its entireness, by esteeming the positions of the kid. Research workers must non merely commit to inclusive patterns, but besides maintain assiduousness in guaranting that kids and immature people are respected participants in the research procedure, from choice of methodological analysiss to the airing and coverage of consequences. With these guidelines in head, kids should be offered chances to truly take part in research. When grownups are doing determinations that affect kids, kids have the right to state what they think should go on and hold their sentiments taken into history. Ethical considerations are paramount in kids s research and direction of these considerations can be really influential on the research that is finally completed with kids and immature people. The major issues discussed include, protection and safety versus engagement, the function of moralss commissions and the impact of consent procedures. In drumhead, negociating moralss blessing and entree to kids and immature people remains a major challenge. More attending demands to be given to easing information and understanding participatory research across all groups involved to understate civilization clangs and increase the apprehension of the nature of participatory research. As Dennis, 2009 quotation marks There is one ethical rule that worked otherwise: all people s voices should be included in determination devising therefore those who oppose equalitarianism should non be allowed to do determinations that limit the inclusion of others voices. In this instance, there is no manner to accomplish classless inclusivity with people who would restrict the classless and inclusive intervention of others. Therefore, the two facets of this ethical rule do non belie each other and do non necessitate to be criticised on these evidences . The extent research workers can be after for ethical issue is by guaranting the acceptance of methods which are respectful to the kids and is besides important that research workers take moralss earnestly. This may intend research workers traveling off from traditions that in the yesteryear may hold considered kids as unthinking human existences . Alternatively, it places the accent on esteeming kids as dynamic people, which makes this method more realistic and productive. This is accordingly classed as ethical, as most moralss encourage research methods with kids participants. Word Count: /2,500

Goss vs. Lopez †Law Essay

Goss vs. Lopez – Law Essay Free Online Research Papers Goss vs. Lopez Law Essay Removing students from school without a hearing is always a last resort. Although this may be the case now, just a few years back it was not. On October 16, 1974, the Supreme Court argued a case that would change the methods of suspension and expulsion forever. â€Å"In 1971 widespread student unrest took place in the Columbus, Ohio public schools. Students who either participated in, or were present at, demonstrations held on school grounds were suspended. Many suspensions were for a period of 10 days. Students were not given a hearing before suspension, although later some students and their parents were given informal conferences with the school principal. Ohio law provides free education to all children between the ages of 6 and 21. A number of students, through their parents, sued the board of education, claiming that their right to due process had been violated when they were suspended without a hearing.† On October 16, 1974, the case of Goss v. Lopez began its proceedings. The case was an appeal from the United States District Court of the Southern District of Ohio. In this case, nine students from two high schools and one junior high school were suspended from their schools for misconduct. The administrative personnel from th ese schools did not hold hearings with the students or their parents prior to taking action. This violates the students’ right to the fourteenth amendment by denying them due process. In addition, the Ohio laws at this time did not require them to hold hearings before suspending or expelling public schools students. The Ohio public schools students argued that by Ohio school â€Å"having chosen to extend the right to an education to people of the appellees’ class generally, Ohio may not withdraw that right on the grounds of misconduct.† Moreover, with this being said the students wanted the school officials to realize not only were they punishing them in their high school careers but more so punishing the students in their later educational plans and employment opportunities. The main arguing point of the case was did the suspensions without a hearing violate the students’ fourteenth amendment right to due process? â€Å"The Court recognized the complexity of schools and the difficult task of school administrators but held that, although there may well be flexibility in what constitutes a hearing, The fundamental requisite of due process of law is the opportunity to be heard. The total exclusion from the educational process for more than a trivial period, and certainly if t he suspension is for 10 days, is a serious event in the life of the suspended child. The Court also iterated that the due process clause does not shield the child from properly imposed suspension and that the timing and nature of the hearing may well be determined by the specific circumstances of each case to assure the safety and rights of all. The Court suggested that punitive measures beyond a 10-day period may well call for more formal hearings, but nonetheless, a suspension for up to 10 days must include the rudiments of procedural due process.† ( Permuth 32-33) The court found that with a five to four decision that the students’ rights had been violated. Mr. Justice White delivered the opinion of the court stating that the students’ rights of due process given in the fourteenth amendment had been violated. The administrators and school officials were instructed to remove all referencing of these temporary suspensions from the students records. Along with the students’ record clearing the precedent for future cases was set in place. The precedent states that the principal may suspend a student for misconduct for up to ten days or expel. Whether he does either one, he must notify the pupil’s parents within twenty- four hours and provide the reasoning for his decision to suspend of expel the student. Research Papers on Goss vs. Lopez - Law EssayStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

Termination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Termination - Essay Example In such instances, it generally becomes necessary for the organization to consider terminating the employee. Termination should be considered as the most severe form of punishment that an organization can possibly impose on an employee and as such, it should be the most carefully considered form of disciplinary action. The experience of going through a job termination is considered to be traumatic for all of an organization’s employees. Of note is that the termination of employees at different levels or positions within the same organization varies considerably; Unlike the employees working in the lower level positions of the organizations, an organization’s executives and CEOs often do not have to worry about the probability of their positions being eventually eliminated. The main worry that individuals at this level often have is that of ensuring that they constantly try and please the organization’s board of directors because it is these boards that are tasked with the responsibility of firing and hiring of these executives. Most of the time, the board of directors only undertakes the rather drastic action of firing an executive or CEO due to a loss of confidence in the executive. This loss of confidence might be brought about by a number of factors that include a general decline in the level of productivity, the emergence of philosophical differences between the executive in question and the board of directors, economic reasons, or if there is a need to reorganize the organization. Of note however is that there are currently no formal termination appeal procedures for employees at this level (Mondy, 2013, p. 367). This group of employees is widely considered to be the most neglected and vulnerable in respect to employment termination. While an organization’s executives generally tend to have a considerable degree of clout that might aid in helping them to successfully

The American Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The American Family - Essay Example The woman became a working being who viewed the nuclear family as an oppressive institution. The development of modern technology, contraceptives and abortion allowed women to have active sexual lives without worrying about pregnancy and childbearing. Boden (2005) testifies that more women have joined the working class and single parenthood is on the rise. As a result, parents have little free time with their children, which is unhealthy. Earlier on, the men worked while women stayed at home as full time house wives, and marriage focused more on companionship and reproduction rather than romance and sex (Popenoe, 2003). Popenoe (2003) further argues that there is a call to revive the American nuclear family by emphasizing the importance of monogamy. This can be achieved through countering the sexual revolution, promoting marriage and renewing a cultural focus on children. On the contrary, Coontz (2003) believes that many American families are better off today than in the past where women were not allowed to work, infant mortality was high and few children graduated from school. Today, both men and women have more choices than in the past. For instance, since the woman spends more hours at work than in the house, families have fewer children. This means that children get individualized attention from the parents. This was not so in the past. Moreover, people not only have the freedom to marry from the same or opposite sex or even remain unmarried, but also no one is under pressure to stay in an unhappy marriage. Men are no longer the main breadwinners in their families unless by choice. Furthermore, according to Coontz (2003), parents have learnt to balance between family needs and industrialization. After a thorough study of the two articles, the modern structure of the nuclear family is more appealing. Although marriage is indispensable, it is no longer the foundation of a good family. A healthy family is made up of a parent or parents and